Digital Photography: A to Z (Part 10)

 J

Jaggies:
Slang term for the stair-stepped appearance of a curved or angled line in digital image. The smaller the pixels, and the greater their number, the less apparent the "jaggies". Also known as pixelisation.

Java:
A programing language developed by SUN Microsystem. It is a powerful and much more complex programing language- in the same category as C and C++.

JEIDA:
Japan Electronics Industry Development Association. Japanes standards committee for storage cards.

JPEG:
Joint Photographic Experts Group. The de factor standard for image compression in digital imaging devices which enables of compression to be selected. Because brightness information is more important than color data, most pixels only store the brightness information. When the JPEG file is opened, the missing color data is automatically calculated from the existing information.



 K

KB:
Kilobyte. 1KB=1024 byte.

Kelvin scale:
Temperature scale beginning at absolute zero (approx. -273 degree Celsius=0 Kelvin). Celsius values can easily be converted into Kelvin by adding 273 degrees to the Celcius value. (Color Temperature)



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Digital Photography: A to Z (Part 09)

 I

IC Card:
A smart card, chip card and integrated circuit card (ICC), is an pocket-sized card with embedded integrated circuits. It contains volatile memory and microprocessor components. The card is made of plastic, generally polyvinyl chloride. It may also provide strong security authentication for single sign-on (SSO) with large organizations.

iD Photo MO Disk:
The smallest rewritable optical storage medium for digital cameras. A joint development from Olympus, Sanyo and Hitachi Maxell. It features an amazing capacity of 730 MB. This means about 2000 photos can be taken before the media needs to be changed.

Illustrator:
Popular vector graphics program from Adobe.

Image capacity:
The number of images that can be taken before the storage medium needs to be replaced.

Image compression:
In order to store digital pictures economically, the image data is compressed. However, compression often causes a reduction in picture quality.

Image Plane:
The area inside the camera where the object is focused clearly. The image plane can be compared to the film plane in analog cameras; the difference being that the flim is replaced by the CCD chip.

Image transmission/ transfer:
The digitization of images means they can be transmitted via data carries or networks without the loss of quality or copied an infinite number of times.

Index print:
Reduce display of several photos on one print.

Ink jet Printer:
A printer that by spraying tiny black or color ink dots onto paper produced a hardcopy image.

IC:
Integrated Circuit.It is an electronic circuit manufactured by the patterned diffusion of trace elements into the surface of a  thin substrate of semiconductor material

Interface:
Connecting point between the computer and an external device, e.g. mouse, scanner, modem, digital camera. (Serial interface, Parallel interface)

Internet:
Worldwide network of computers that allows for the global exchange of information.

ISDN:
Integrated Services Digital Network. Digital network for the fast transmission of voice, data, picture, etc between uniformly standardised user interface.

ISO Norm:
International Standard Organization.







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Digital Photography: A to Z (Part 08)

 H

Hand-held exposure meter:
External exposure meter (exposure meter, reflected light meter)

Hard disk drive (HDD):
Device for the permanent storage of programs and information that remains after a computer has been turned off.

Hi Color:
Describes an image having at least 32,000 colors (true color)

Home page:
First page of an internet site.

Hot plugging:
The connection and uncoupling of external devices while the PC is running. Restarting the computer is unnecessary. Requirements: USB, and the relevant operating system (plug and play)

HQ-resolution:
High Quality resolution. Description for high digital photo quality.

html:
Hypertext markup language. A file format used in the World Wide Web.

http:
Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Transmission format and communication basis for the exchange of data in the internet.





 




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Digital Photography: A to Z (Part 07)

 G

GB:
Gigabyte. 1 GB=1024 MB

GIF:
The Graphic Interchange Format is a bitmap image format that was introduced by CompuServe in 1987. The format supports up to 8 bits per pixel thus allowing a single image to reference a palette of up to 256 distinct colors. The colors are chosen from the 24-bit RGB color space. It also supports animation and allows a separate palette of 256 colors for each frame.

GPS:
Global Positioning System. The GPS receiver uses satellites to let you determine the exact longitude, latitude and height above sea level anywhere on earth.

Graphics Card:
Component of a computer that is necessary to display an image on the monitor screen.

Grey scale:
A scale of shades ranging from white to black. Devices that can only display data in black and white translate color difference into various shades of grey.

GSM:
Global System for Mobile telecommunication. Standard for the transfer of data by mobile phone.

Guide Number (GN):
Value for the maximum power of a camera flash based on a flim with an ISO of 100. Built-in camera flashes have a guide number of approx. 10-20, compact flashes between 20-40, and the GN for grip-type flashes is between 45-60.





 



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Digital Photography: A to Z (Part 06)

 F

FAQ:
Frequently Asked Question.

FDD:
Flexible or floppy Disc Drive. A storage medium with a capacity of 1.44 MB.

File:
A set of data that has been arranged according to specific rules. Files are managed in the computer by the operating system and can be stored long-term on an external storage medium.

File Format:
Describes the contents of files. Common file formats include <txt> for a text file, <eps> (Encapsulated PostScript) for PostScript, and <tiff> for TIFF images.

Film Scanner:
Hardware for disitizing negatives and slides. (Flash Film Scanned)





Flim Sensitivity:
The information is given in ISO value, which has replaced the earlier DIN and ASA (American Standard Association)

Filter:
01. A transparent, mostly coloured sheet of glass or plastic that can be placed in front of a lens to create a certain effect.
02. An option in an image editing program that enables certain adjustments to the picture, w.g. colour & brightness of foreshortening.

Firmware:
Software contained in ROM that manages the camera's operation.

Flash:
Produces a large amount of light for a brief moment to illuminate the subject. Modern flashes work with glass discharge tubes. Computerized camera flashes can measure and automatically control their intensity by means of a sensor directed at the object. 

Flash duration:
The camera's flash synchronization ensures the flash is emitted while the shutter is open.

Flash Path Adapter:
Permits the trouble-free transfer of digital images saved on SmartMedia Cards to a PC. The storage cards need only be inserted into the adapter and then in the computer's disk drive.

Flash range:
The distance needed to be covered by the flash to give the subject optimal illumination. This can be calculated using Lambert's law. As the distance from the light source is doubled only a quarter of the original amount of light will reach the subject.

Flash-ROM:
A type of memory storage that can retain information even after the power has been switched off. Unlike conventional ROM, the contents of a Flash-ROM can be deleted and rewritten with the help of a pre-programmed electrical current. Therefore, a Flash-ROM is a combination of RAM & ROM.

Flash Synchronization:
Co-ordinates the opening of the camera's shutter with the time and duration of the flash. Some cameras allow you to synchronize the beginning or end of the shutter ("sync1" and "sync2" respectively).

Focal length:
The distance between the center of the lens and the film or CCD sensor, i.e. where the image is in focus. Normal focal length gives an image impression roughly corresponding to that of the human eye (about 50mm in conventional film cameras and about 7mm in digital cameras with 1/3" CCD).

FreeHand:
Popular graphics program from Macromedia.

 





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